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The AI bubble, explained

Script

The AI market is now a bubble, and even insiders are admitting it. Nvidia is investing in its own customers, who in turn purchase more of the firm’s chips. Meanwhile AMD is offering OpenAI partial ownership in a chip purchase deal. This web of circular investments  and deals is fuelling a rapid rise in stock prices.

At the centre is OpenAI, which has organised over $1trn in computing deals, despite the company currently generating less than $13bn in annual revenue. It’s also losing money, while CEO Sam Altman admitted that becoming profitable was not in his top 10 concerns. Which is understandable, given OpenAI’s $500bn valuation, making it the most valuable company to have never turned a profit.

The company expects its AI tools to increase future revenue by boosting corporate productivity. But reports from MIT and Harvard show that currently many AI projects in firms are unsuccessful, or actually damaging to productivity.

Circular contracts mean if OpenAI, or a similar firm begins to struggle financially, the whole industry will suffer. Given that the AI boom is currently a key driver of U.S. economic growth, a burst bubble could trigger both a crash in asset prices and a broader economic downturn. Supporters of the industry say that the race for Artificial General Intelligence is worth the risk. Do you agree?

References

Armstrong, R. (2025). Does GDP growth minus AI capex equal zero? [online] @FinancialTimes. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/603be7d5-13ac-4047-9854-24db5f0f0802 [Accessed 8 Oct. 2025].

Challapally, A., Pease, C., Raskar, R. and Chari, P. (2025). The GenAI Divide STATE OF AI IN BUSINESS 2025 MIT NANDA. [online] Available at: https://mlq.ai/media/quarterly_decks/v0.1_State_of_AI_in_Business_2025_Report.pdf.

Companies Market Cap (2025). Companies Ranked by Market Cap. [online] CompaniesMarketcap.com. Available at: https://companiesmarketcap.com/.

Fiegerman, S. and Reinicke, C. (2025). Why AI Bubble Concerns Loom as OpenAI, Microsoft, Meta Ramp Up Spending. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-10-04/why-ai-bubble-concerns-loom-as-openai-microsoft-meta-ramp-up-spending.

Forgash, E. and Ghosh, A. (2025). OpenAI’s Nvidia, AMD Deals Boost $1 Trillion AI Boom With Circular Deals. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-10-07/openai-s-nvidia-amd-deals-boost-1-trillion-ai-boom-with-circular-deals [Accessed 8 Oct. 2025].

Hammond, G. and Acton, M. (2025). OpenAI targets 10% AMD stake via multibillion-dollar chip deal. [online] @FinancialTimes. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/bfafd06e-0a92-4add-9ae5-622e3c2c8f29 [Accessed 12 Oct. 2025].

Hammond, G. and Kinder, T. (2025). OpenAI’s computing deals top $1tn. [online] @FinancialTimes. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/5f6f78af-aed9-43a5-8e31-2df7851ceb67.

Harvard Business Review (2025). AI-Generated ‘Workslop’ Is Destroying Productivity. [online] Harvard Business Review. Available at: https://hbr.org/2025/09/ai-generated-workslop-is-destroying-productivity.

Kalyeena Makortoff (2025). Bank of England warns of growing risk that AI bubble could burst. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/oct/08/bank-of-england-warns-of-growing-risk-that-ai-bubble-could-burst [Accessed 8 Oct. 2025].

Reuters Staff (2025). CoreWeave, Nvidia sign $6.3 billion cloud computing capacity order. Reuters. [online] 15 Sep. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/coreweave-nvidia-sign-63-billion-cloud-computing-capacity-order-2025-09-15/.

The Economist (2025a). Nvidia’s $100bn bet on OpenAI raises plenty of questions. [online] The Economist. Available at: https://economist.com/business/2025/09/25/nvidias-100bn-bet-on-openai-raises-plenty-of-questions [Accessed 8 Oct. 2025].

The Economist (2025b). The murky economics of the data-centre investment boom. [online] The Economist. Available at: https://www.economist.com/business/2025/09/30/the-murky-economics-of-the-data-centre-investment-boom.

Media References

Creative Commons Photos

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mark_Zuckerberg_F8_2018_Keynote_(cropped).jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sam_Altman_TechCrunch_SF_2019_Day_2_Oct_3_(cropped).jpg

Other Photos

https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-the-massachusetts-institute-of-technology-usa-16361673/

https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=424387&picture=harvard-business-school

https://www.pexels.com/photo/modern-and-historic-architecture-in-london-34155270/

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